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Review of the LNG intermediate fluid vaporizer and its heat transfer characteristics

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第3期   页码 429-444 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0747-y

摘要： The intermediate fluid vaporizer (IFV), different from other liquefied natural gas (LNG) vaporizers, has many advantages and has shown a great potential for future applications. In this present paper, studies of IFV and its heat transfer characteristics in the LNG vaporization unit E2 are systematically reviewed. The research methods involved include theoretical analysis, experimental investigation, numerical simulation, and process simulation. First, relevant studies on the overall calculation and system design of IFV are summarized, including the structural innovation design, the thermal calculation model, and the selection of different intermediate fluids. Moreover, studies on the fluid flow and heat transfer behaviors of the supercritical LNG inside the tubes and the condensation heat transfer of the intermediate fluid outside the tubes are summarized. In the thermal calculations of the IFV, the selections of the existing heat transfer correlations about the intermediate fluids are inconsistent in different studies, and there lacks the accuracy evaluation of those correlations or comparison with experimental data. Furthermore, corresponding experiments or numerical simulations on the cryogenic condensation heat transfer outside the tubes in the IFV need to be further improved, compared to those in the refrigeration and air-conditioning temperature range. Therefore, suggestions for further studies of IFV are provided as well.

关键词： intermediate fluid vaporizer     design of structure and intermediate fluid     condensation heat transfer    

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Simulation of performance of intermediate fluid vaporizer under wide operation conditions

Bojie WANG, Wen WANG, Chao QI, Yiwu KUANG, Jiawei XU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第3期   页码 452-462 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0681-4

摘要： The intermediate fluid vaporizer (IFV) is a typical vaporizer of liquefied natural gas (LNG), which in general consists of three shell-and-tube heat exchangers (an evaporator, a condenser, and a thermolator). LNG is heated by seawater and the intermediate fluid in these heat exchangers. A one-dimensional heat transfer model for IFV is established in this paper in order to investigate the influences of structure and operation parameters on the heat transfer performance. In the rated condition, it is suggested to reduce tube diameters appropriately to get a large total heat transfer coefficient and increase the tube number to ensure the sufficient heat transfer area. According to simulation results, although the IFV capacity is much larger than the simplified-IFV (SIFV) capacity, the mode of SIFV could be recommended in some low-load cases as well. In some cases at high loads exceeding the capacity of a single IFV, it is better to add an AAV or an SCV operating to the IFV than just to increase the mass flow rate of seawater in the IFV in LNG receiving terminals.

关键词： liquefied natural gas     intermediate fluid vapo-rizer     heat transfer performance     numerical simulation     extreme condition    

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A new approach for scheduling of multipurpose batch processes with unlimited intermediate storage policy

Nikolaos Rakovitis, Nan Zhang, Jie Li, Liping Zhang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第4期   页码 784-802 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1858-4

摘要： The increasing demand of goods, the high competitiveness in the global marketplace as well as the need to minimize the ecological footprint lead multipurpose batch process industries to seek ways to maximize their productivity with a simultaneous reduction of raw materials and utility consumption and efficient use of processing units. Optimal scheduling of their processes can lead facilities towards this direction. Although a great number of mathematical models have been developed for such scheduling, they may still lead to large model sizes and computational time. In this work, we develop two novel mathematical models using the unit-specific event-based modelling approach in which consumption and production tasks related to the same states are allowed to take place at the same event points. The computational results demonstrate that both proposed mathematical models reduce the number of event points required. The proposed unit-specific event-based model is the most efficient since it both requires a smaller number of event points and significantly less computational time in most cases especially for those examples which are computationally expensive from existing models.

关键词： scheduling     multipurpose batch processes     simultaneous transfer     mixed-integer linear programming    

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Improvement in the synthesis of 2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(Z)-methoxyiminoacetic acid 2-benzothiazolyl thioester

GAO Shihao, SUN Chenghui, ZHAO Xinqi, GAO Changquan

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第1期   页码 80-84 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0017-0

摘要： 2-(5-Amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(Z)-methoxyiminoacetic acid 2-benzothiazolyl thioester(III), an important intermediate of the fourth generation cephalosporins, was efficiently synthesized by reacting 2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(Z)-methoxyiminoacetic acid (I) with 2,2′-dibenzothiazole disulfide (II) in the presence of triphenylphosphine. Effects of reaction time, temperature, solvents, catalysts and feeding molar ratio on the yield and quality of products were investigated, and an improved procedure suitable for industrial production was established. Using 1,2-dichloroethane as solvent, triphenylphosphine as reducer, and triethylamine as catalyst, (I) : (II) : (triphenylphosphine) = 1.0 : 1.0 : 1.0, the product was obtained at room temperature in 98.1% yield. The purity of the product without further purification is 98.7% determined by HPLC method. This procedure could be a suitable alternative to the traditional processes because of its easy handling, high yield and low cost.

关键词： 5-Amino-1     2     4-thiadiazol-3-yl     1     2-dichloroethane     important intermediate     2-benzothiazolyl thioester     temperature    

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Structural behavior of intermediate length cold-formed steel rack columns with C-stitches

M. ANBARASU, Mahmud ASHRAF

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第4期   页码 937-949 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0528-4

摘要： This article presents an experimental and numerical investigation on the strength and performance of intermediate length rack column sections with C-stitches under axial compression. The test program consisted of 10 axial concentric compression tests on columns with and without C-stitches under pin end conditions for two different geometric lengths. Finite element (FE) models were developed using commercial FE package ABAQUS considering material and geometric nonlinearities as well as initial geometric imperfections. The elastic buckling properties of the section were calculated using readily available linear elastic buckling analysis tools based on Generalized Beam Theory (GBT) and Finite Strip Method (FSM). Obtained FE results were compared with those obtained experimentally, and once verified the developed FE modeling technique was used to carry out a parametric study to examine changes in structural response due to variations in length, depth and spacing of C-stitches. Observed influences of C-stitches on the behavior and resistance of the considered columns were carefully analyzed, and key design aspects are presented herein.

关键词： cold-formed steel columns     C-stitches     intermediate length columns     distortional buckling    

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Efficiency measurement for mixed two-stage nonhomogeneous network processes with shared extra intermediate

Qingxian AN, Xuyang LIU, Shijie DING

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年 第7卷 第2期   页码 259-274 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0080-x

摘要： Unreasonable allocation of shared resources reduces the system efficiency and is a considerable operational risk. Sub-processes with insufficient portion of shared resources could not help accomplish complicated tasks, and overstaffing and idle resources will occur in the sub-processes assigned with redundant shared resources. This unfair portion distribution may cause internal contradictions among sub-processes and even lead to the collapsing of the entire system. This study proposes a data-driven, mixed two-stage network data envelopment analysis model. This method aims to reasonably define the allocation portion of shared extra intermediate resources among several nonhomogeneous subsystems and measure the overall system performance. A data set of 58 international hotels is used to test the features of the proposed model.

关键词： shared resource allocation     mixed two-stage system     data envelopment analysis     efficiency    

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Effects of sucrose crystallization and moisture migration on the structural changes of a coated intermediate

Tiancheng LI, Peng ZHOU, Theodore P. LABUZA

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第4期   页码 346-350 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0256-8

摘要： The purpose of this study was to investigate whether moisture migration and sugar crystallization play an important role in the changes of IMF matrix structure. The migration of water was monitored with changes of water activity in different physical domains of samples during storage, while the crystallization of sucrose was determined with X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The formation of both a hard inner-layer and agglomerated particles in the inner matrix was observed during storage. Our results suggested that both moisture loss and sucrose crystallization were mainly responsible for the formation of the crusty intermediate inner layer, and the agglomerated matrix particles were the result of sucrose crystallization.

关键词： inner-layer     agglomerated     IMF     moisture migration     crystallization    

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Elements’ important ranking of China drug safety management system: applying the non-structural

Xiaoping ZHENG, Xiaocui WANG, Tingkuan ZHONG,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 290-299 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0283-5

摘要： Drug safety management is an important issue in China drug management system and attracts great attentions from the whole society. In order to reduce drug incident, this study discusses some important elements associated with China drug safety management system and analyzes the data collected by questionnaires. Besides, a methodology for rating the important elements is described and applied. The non-structural fuzzy group decision method not only considers the insufficient precise information but also combines the opinions of different kinds of respondents in China’s four municipalities. The results indicate that the sample systems are the most important in these important elements, and the order of importance is sampling systems, licensing systems, traceability systems, transaction models, pharmacovigilance and emergence management. This study not only points out the important ranking of the pivotal elements in China drug safety management but also gives some specific proposals about how to enhance drug safety management in China.

关键词： management system     different     management     important ranking     non-structural fuzzy    

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Presentation of machine learning methods to determine the most important factors affecting road traffic

Hamid MIRZAHOSSEIN; Milad SASHURPOUR; Seyed Mohsen HOSSEINIAN; Vahid Najafi Moghaddam GILANI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第5期   页码 657-666 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0827-z

摘要： The purpose of this research was to develop statistical and intelligent models for predicting the severity of road traffic accidents (RTAs) on rural roads. Multiple Logistic Regression (MLR) was used to predict the likelihood of RTAs. For more accurate prediction, Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Radius Basis Function (RBF) neural networks were applied. Results indicated that in MLR, the model obtained from the backward method with the correct percent of 84.7% and R2 value of 0.893 was the best method for predicting the likelihood of RTAs. Also, MLR showed that the variables of not paying attention to the front not paying attention to the frontroad ahead, followed byand then vehicle-motorcycle/bike accidents were the greatest problems. Among the models, MLP had a better performance, so that the prediction accuracy of MLR, MLP, and RBF were 84.7%, 96.7%, and 92.1%, respectively. MLP model, due to higher accuracy, showed that the variable of reason of accident had the highest effect on the prediction of accidents, and considering MLR results, the variables of not paying attention to the front and then vehicle-motorcycle/bike accidents had the most influence on the occurrence of accidents. Therefore, motorcyclists and cyclists are more prone to accidents, and appropriate solutions should be adopted to enhance their safety.

关键词： safety     rural accidents     multiple logistic regression     artificial neural networks    

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Genomic regions under selection for important traits in domestic horse breeds

Xuexue LIU, Yuehui MA, Lin JIANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第3期   页码 289-294 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017155

摘要： Horses were domesticated 5500 years ago, thousands of years later than other domestic animals; however, in this relatively short period, domestic horses have had a great impact on human history by accelerating civilization, revolutionizing warfare and advancing agricultural production. Modern breeding using marker-assisted selection has greatly accelerated breeding progress. Therefore, identification of genetic markers underlying the traits of interest in domestic horses is the basis for the modern breeding system. In this review, we present an overview of genetic mapping studies and genome wide analyses to identify the genomic regions targeted by positive selection for four important aspects of horses, coat color, racing performance, gait and height at withers. The locus, for example, has been shown to be the main gene responsible for chestnut color, and the locus has been shown to control the muscle fiber growth in racing breeds. The missense mutation in is the causal mutation for the alternate gaits in horses. Height at withers, a quantitative trait, was mapped to four major loci (3:105547002, 6:81481064, 9:75550059 and 11:232597 32) that can explain 83% of the height variations in domestic horses.

关键词： horse     coat color     racing performance     gait     height    

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Recent advances in understanding genetic variants associated with economically important traits in sheep

Song-Song XU, Meng-Hua LI

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第3期   页码 279-288 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017151

摘要： Sheep are one of the most economically important domesticated animals for human society. However, genetic improvements for the key traits associated with meat, growth, milk, wool, reproduction, horns and tails progress slowly using conventional crossbreeding methods. With the development and utilization of high-throughput screening technologies over the last decade, a list of functional genes and genetic variants associated with these traits has been identified. This review covers recent genome-wide studies on sheep productive traits using high-throughput screening technologies, including those based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variants at the whole-genome level (e.g., genome-wide association studies), transcriptome and DNA methylation sequences. Additionally, comprehensive information on functional genes and genetic variants associated with economically important traits in sheep is provided.

关键词： sheep     high-throughput screening     productive traits     genome-wide studies    

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知识发现领域中当今面临的五类重大问题

杨炳儒

《中国工程科学》 2009年 第11卷 第4期   页码 76-83

摘要：

系统地总结与提出知识发现(KD)领域中当今面临的五类重大问题，它们是KD中的两大核心问题、两大猜想问题、主流发展中富有挑战性的问题、应用研究中的相关领域重大问题以及KD技术标准的制定问题，并给出其部分成果或具体分析。这五类问题密切相关，对它们的研究必将KD推向新的发展阶段,并在该领域内外产生深刻的影响。

关键词： KD核心问题     KD猜想     KD挑战性问题     蛋白质二级结构预测     KD技术标准    

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Patterned wafer bonding using ultraviolet adhesive

Rui ZHUO, Guanglan LIAO, Wenliang LIU, Lei NIE, Tielin SHI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第6卷 第2期   页码 214-218 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0130-5

摘要：

The process of patterned wafer bonding using ultraviolet (UV) adhesive as the intermediate layer was studied. By presetting the UV adhesive guide-layer, controlling the thickness of the intermediate layer (1– 1.5 μm), appropriate pre-drying temperature (60°C), and predrying time (6 min), we obtained the intermediate layer bonding of patterned quartz/quartz. Experimental results indicate that patterned wafer bonding using UV adhesive is achieved under room temperature. The process also has advantages of easy operation, low cost, and no plugging or leakage in the patterned area after bonding. Using the process, a microfluidic chip for red blood cell counting was designed and fabricated. Patterned wafer bonding using UV adhesive will have great potential in the fabrication of microfluidic chips.

关键词： ultraviolet (UV) adhesive     intermediate layer     patterned wafer bonding    

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A pooling strategy of a PCR-based assay to detect Angiostrongylus cantonensis in snail intermediate host

Fu-Rong WEI MS, Shan LV PhD, He-Xiang LIU, Ling HU, Yi ZHANG MS,

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 204-207 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0043-4

摘要： Pooling field specimens could reduce the number of assay and thus increase the efficiency in detecting and screening pathogen infections by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay. We investigated a pooling strategy in diagnosis of in Two settings of specimens were prepared, divided into portions and detected by multiplex PCR. Specimens A was 0.4490 g positive lung tissue of 28 larval nodes from four snails mixed with 1.310€g negative lung tissue from six snails and divided into 32 portions. Specimens B was 0.5448 g positive lung tissue with 26 larval nodes from two snails mixed with 1.092 g negative lung tissue from seven snails and divided into 48 portions. Repeated sampling was performed and sample size-accumulated positive rate curves were drawn. According to the sample size-accumulated positive rate curves, the appropriate sample size of the two specimens were 18 and 15, respectively, which is 0.36–0.58 to the total sample size. These test characteristics and the relevant factors to the sample size would need to be determined in much larger studies and more appropriately in field populations. The result indicates that the number of larval node is not the most important, nor the only factor to the sample size. It also implies the feasibility to detect in by pooling strategies.

关键词： Angiostrongylus cantonensis     Pomacea canaliculata     multiplex polymerase chain reaction     diagnosis     pooling    

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Clinical factors associated with composition of lung microbiota and important taxa predicting clinical

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第3期   页码 389-402 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0856-3

摘要： Few studies have described the key features and prognostic roles of lung microbiota in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP). We prospectively enrolled consecutive SCAP patients admitted to ICU. Bronchoscopy was performed at bedside within 48 h of ICU admission, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was applied to the collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The primary outcome was clinical improvements defined as a decrease of 2 categories and above on a 7-category ordinal scale within 14 days following bronchoscopy. Sixty-seven patients were included. Multivariable permutational multivariate analysis of variance found that positive bacteria lab test results had the strongest independent association with lung microbiota (R2=0.033; P=0.018), followed by acute kidney injury (AKI; R2=0.032; P=0.011) and plasma MIP-1β level (R2=0.027; P=0.044). Random forest identified that the families Prevotellaceae, Moraxellaceae, and Staphylococcaceae were the biomarkers related to the positive bacteria lab test results. Multivariable Cox regression showed that the increase in α-diversity and the abundance of the families Prevotellaceae and Actinomycetaceae were associated with clinical improvements. The positive bacteria lab test results, AKI, and plasma MIP-1β level were associated with patients’ lung microbiota composition on ICU admission. The families Prevotellaceae and Actinomycetaceae on admission predicted clinical improvements.

关键词： severe community-acquired pneumonia     lung microbiota     clinical improvements     7-category ordinal scale     Prevotellaceae    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Review of the LNG intermediate fluid vaporizer and its heat transfer characteristics

期刊论文

Simulation of performance of intermediate fluid vaporizer under wide operation conditions

Bojie WANG, Wen WANG, Chao QI, Yiwu KUANG, Jiawei XU

期刊论文

A new approach for scheduling of multipurpose batch processes with unlimited intermediate storage policy

Nikolaos Rakovitis, Nan Zhang, Jie Li, Liping Zhang

期刊论文

Improvement in the synthesis of 2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(Z)-methoxyiminoacetic acid 2-benzothiazolyl thioester

GAO Shihao, SUN Chenghui, ZHAO Xinqi, GAO Changquan

期刊论文

Structural behavior of intermediate length cold-formed steel rack columns with C-stitches

M. ANBARASU, Mahmud ASHRAF

期刊论文

Efficiency measurement for mixed two-stage nonhomogeneous network processes with shared extra intermediate

Qingxian AN, Xuyang LIU, Shijie DING

期刊论文

Effects of sucrose crystallization and moisture migration on the structural changes of a coated intermediate

Tiancheng LI, Peng ZHOU, Theodore P. LABUZA

期刊论文

Elements’ important ranking of China drug safety management system: applying the non-structural

Xiaoping ZHENG, Xiaocui WANG, Tingkuan ZHONG,

期刊论文

Presentation of machine learning methods to determine the most important factors affecting road traffic

Hamid MIRZAHOSSEIN; Milad SASHURPOUR; Seyed Mohsen HOSSEINIAN; Vahid Najafi Moghaddam GILANI

期刊论文

Genomic regions under selection for important traits in domestic horse breeds

Xuexue LIU, Yuehui MA, Lin JIANG

期刊论文

Recent advances in understanding genetic variants associated with economically important traits in sheep

Song-Song XU, Meng-Hua LI

期刊论文

知识发现领域中当今面临的五类重大问题

杨炳儒

期刊论文

Patterned wafer bonding using ultraviolet adhesive

Rui ZHUO, Guanglan LIAO, Wenliang LIU, Lei NIE, Tielin SHI

期刊论文

A pooling strategy of a PCR-based assay to detect Angiostrongylus cantonensis in snail intermediate host

Fu-Rong WEI MS, Shan LV PhD, He-Xiang LIU, Ling HU, Yi ZHANG MS,

期刊论文

Clinical factors associated with composition of lung microbiota and important taxa predicting clinical

期刊论文